Understanding Gynecomastia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

In 2016, the Oxford Dictionary officially added the word “moobs,” reflecting the increasing awareness and prevalence of gynecomastia—a condition in which males experience an enlargement of breast tissue due to fat accumulation under the breast tissue. But is this normal? Let’s delve deeper into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for gynecomastia.

Why Are Some Boys and Men Prone to Gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is most common during three life stages: infancy, puberty, and between the ages of 50 and 70. The primary cause is hormonal imbalance, either due to decreased levels of testosterone (the male hormone) or elevated levels of estrogen (the female hormone). While hormonal fluctuations during infancy and adolescence often normalize within 6 months to 2 years, persistent swelling in the breasts may require medical attention.

Here are additional factors contributing to gynecomastia:

1. Testicular Injury or Disease: Conditions that reduce testosterone production can lead to gynecomastia.
2. Thyroid Disorders: The thyroid regulates sex hormones, and thyroid imbalances can affect testosterone and estrogen levels.
3. Cancer of the Pituitary or Adrenal Glands: These glands play a crucial role in testosterone production. Abnormalities can distort hormonal levels.
4. Obesity: Excess body weight can lower levels of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), a protein essential for circulating testosterone.
5. Drug and Hallucinogen Use: Illicit drugs can severely disrupt hormonal balance.
6. Kidney and Liver Disease: An unhealthy kidney impairs testosterone production, while an unhealthy liver may fail to regulate estrogen.
7. Alcohol Consumption: Alcohol impairs testosterone while increasing estrogen levels due to its phytoestrogen content.
8. Medications: Certain medications, such as those for cancer, ulcers, and anxiety, may cause hormonal imbalances.

Symptoms of Gynecomastia

• A lump or fatty mass beneath the nipples that causes breast enlargement.
• Swelling or uneven bulge in one or both breasts.
• A firm and rubbery feel in the breast tissue.
• Sensitivity or tenderness in the breasts (consult a doctor if this occurs).

Treatment Options for Gynecomastia

The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause:

1. Hormonal Therapy: Testosterone replacement therapy may be prescribed for gynecomastia caused by low testosterone.
2. Medication Adjustments: If a specific medication triggers hormonal imbalance, your doctor may recommend an alternative.

For reducing breast enlargement, surgical options include:

• Gynecomastia Surgery (Liposuction): A cosmetic procedure that removes excess fat from the breast tissue, reducing its size.
• Mastectomy: A procedure to remove the breast gland or tissue. This is a plastic surgery technique that helps achieve a flatter chest.

These procedures are often outpatient surgeries with minimal scarring. The cost of gynecomastia surgery in India typically ranges from ₹50,000 to ₹80,000, depending on the complexity of the case.

Psychological Impact and Importance of Consultation

While gynecomastia is generally not life-threatening, it can lead to psychological issues such as low self-esteem, stress, and embarrassment. In rare cases, gynecomastia may signal male breast cancer. For these reasons, it is crucial to consult a doctor to evaluate and treat the condition effectively.

To connect with experienced cosmetologists and plastic surgeons, book an appointment at Apollo Cosmetic Clinics.