AP English Language – Notes and Study Guides Unit 1 – Claims, Reasoning, and EvidenceUnit 1 Overview: Claims, Reasoning, and Evidence1.1 Identifying the purpose and intended audience of a text1.2 Examining how evidence supports a claim1.3 Developing paragraphs as part of an effective argument Unit 2 – Organizing Information for a Specific AudienceUnit 2 Overview: Organizing Information for a Specific Audience2.1 Analyzing audience and its relationship to the purpose of an argument2.2 Building an argument with relevant and strategic evidence2.3 Developing thesis statements2.4 Developing structure and integrating evidence to reflect a line of reasoning Unit 3 – Perspectives and How Arguments RelateUnit 3 Overview: Perspectives and How Arguments Relate3.1 Interpreting character description and perspective3.2 Identifying and avoiding flawed lines of reasoning3.3 Introducing and integrating sources and evidence3.4 Using sufficient evidence for an argument3.5 Attributing and citing references3.6 Developing parts of a text with cause-effect and narrative methods Unit 4 – How writers develop arguments, intros, and conclusionsUnit 4 Overview: How writers develop arguments, intros, and conclusions4.1 Developing and connecting thesis statements and lines of reasoning4.2 Developing introductions and conclusions4.3 Adjusting An Argument to Address New Evidence Unit 5 – How a writer brings all parts of an argument togetherUnit 5 Overview: How a writer brings all parts of an argument together5.1 Developing commentary throughout paragraphs5.2 Maintaining ideas throughout an argument5.3 Using modifiers to qualify an argument and convey perspective5.4 Using transitions Unit 6 – Position, Perspective, and BiasUnit 6 Overview: Position, Perspective, and Bias6.1 Incorporating multiple perspectives strategically into an argument6.2 Recognizing and accounting for bias6.3 Adjusting an Argument to New Evidence6.4 Analyzing Tone and Shifts in Tone Unit 7 – Successful and Unsuccessful ArgumentsUnit 7 Overview: Successful and Unsuccessful Arguments7.1 Examining complexities in issues7.2 Considering how words, phrases, and clauses can modify and limit an argument7.3 Examining how counterargument or alternative perspectives affect an argument7.4 Exploring how sentence development affects an argument Unit 8 – Stylistic ChoicesUnit 8 Overview: Stylistic Choices8.1 Choosing comparisons based on an audience8.2 Considering how sentence development and word choice affect how the writer is perceived by an audience8.3 Considering how all choices made in an argument affect the audience8.4 Considering how style affects an argument Unit 9 – Developing a Complex ArgumentUnit 9 Overview: Developing a Complex Argument9.1 Strategically conceding, rebutting, or refuting information9.2 Crafting an argument through stylistic choices like word choice and description