Catarrh refers to the build-up of mucus (phlegm) in the airways, typically affecting the back of the nose, throat, or sinuses. While it is often temporary, some individuals may experience chronic catarrh that persists for months or even years.

Symptoms of Catarrh

• Constant need to clear the throat
• Feeling of blockage in the throat
• Blocked or stuffy nose that cannot be cleared
• Runny nose
• Sensation of mucus dripping down the back of the throat
• Persistent cough
• Headache
• Facial pain
• Reduced sense of smell and taste
• Crackling sensation in the ear and temporary hearing loss

Catarrh can disrupt daily activities and affect sleep quality, leaving you feeling tired.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Contact your GP practice if:

• Catarrh is significantly affecting your daily life
• Symptoms persist for more than a few weeks

Diagnosis

Your GP may perform an examination and ask questions to determine if an underlying condition, such as nasal polyps or allergies, is contributing to your symptoms. You may be referred to a specialist for further tests if needed.

Treatment for Catarrh

Catarrh often resolves on its own within a few days or weeks. However, there are treatment options to help alleviate symptoms:

Pharmacy Treatments

You can ask a pharmacist for advice and over-the-counter treatments, such as:

• Decongestants
• Antihistamines
• Steroid nasal sprays

Self-Help Measures

Do:

• Stay well hydrated
• Use a saline nasal rinse multiple times a day (available at pharmacies or made by dissolving half a teaspoon of salt in a pint of cooled boiled water)
• Avoid triggers such as allergens or smoky environments
• Avoid warm, dry atmospheres (e.g., air conditioning and car heating); adding plants or water bowls to the room can increase humidity

Causes of Catarrh

Catarrh is typically triggered by the immune system’s reaction to an infection or irritation, leading to swelling and mucus production in the nasal and throat linings. Common triggers include:

• Colds or other infections
• Hay fever or allergic rhinitis
• Non-allergic rhinitis
• Nasal polyps

Chronic Catarrh Causes: The exact cause is unclear but may be related to:

• Abnormal mucus flow within the nose
• Increased sensitivity to mucus in the nasal and throat areas

Treating Underlying Conditions

If you have an underlying condition (e.g., allergies, nasal polyps), treating it may help reduce or resolve catarrh symptoms.