What is a Relapse, and How Can I Deal With One Happening?
How is Relapse Defined?
Relapse refers to a recurrence or worsening of symptoms in a person who had previously experienced improvement from addiction, mental illness, or other conditions. In addiction recovery, relapse is defined as a return to substance use after a period of abstinence or controlled use.
It can involve a return to harmful behaviors or thought patterns and is often triggered by stress, environmental influences, or unresolved internal struggles. Rather than viewing relapse as a failure, it’s crucial to understand it as a potential step in the journey toward sustained recovery—one that can offer critical lessons for long-term sobriety.[1]
How is Substance Abuse Defined?
Substance abuse is the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, drugs (both legal and illicit), or prescription medications. It involves the use of these substances in a manner that negatively impacts a person’s health, daily functioning, and well-being.
Substance abuse can manifest as:
- Alcohol Abuse: Excessive consumption leading to physical health issues, impaired judgment, and social or legal problems.
- Drug Abuse: Misuse of illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine) or prescription drugs (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines).
- Polydrug Use: Using multiple substances simultaneously, increasing the risk of adverse reactions and complications.
Left unchecked, substance abuse can lead to addiction (substance use disorder), causing severe physical, emotional, and social consequences. Understanding the impact of substance abuse is a vital step toward effective intervention and recovery.[2]
Why Does a Relapse Happen?
Relapse can occur for many reasons, often resulting from a combination of internal and external factors. Common causes include:
Triggers and Cravings
Exposure to certain people, environments, or situations associated with past substance use can trigger intense cravings and lead to relapse.
Psychological Factors
Unresolved issues like depression, anxiety, trauma, or other mental health conditions can prompt substance use as a coping mechanism.
Social Pressures
Being around friends or family who engage in substance use, or feeling pressured in social situations, can increase relapse risk.
Lack of Coping Skills
Inadequate skills for managing stress, cravings, or difficult emotions can leave individuals vulnerable.
Physical Dependence
The fear of withdrawal symptoms can drive individuals back to substance use to avoid discomfort.
Overconfidence or Complacency
Believing they have full control over their sobriety, individuals may lower their guard, leading to risky behaviors.
Major Life Stressors
Significant life changes, relationship issues, job loss, or financial stress can heighten the risk of relapse.
Biological Factors
Genetic predisposition, brain chemistry changes, or other physiological factors can play a role.
Relapse is not a sign of failure—it is a common part of the recovery process and an opportunity for growth and deeper understanding of one’s needs and triggers.[3]
How Common is Relapsing for Addiction?
Relapse rates for addiction recovery are similar to those of other chronic conditions, such as diabetes or hypertension. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates that relapse rates for addiction range from 40% to 60%, highlighting the chronic nature of substance use disorders.[4]
Understanding that addiction is a chronic condition emphasizes the need for ongoing treatment, support, and coping strategies to manage triggers and maintain long-term sobriety. Many people achieve lasting recovery by building strong support networks, engaging in therapy, and utilizing effective relapse prevention tools.
Are There Different Kinds of Relapse?
Yes, relapse can take several forms in addiction recovery:
Lapse
A brief return to substance use, often seen as a slip or isolated incident. Lapses can provide learning opportunities without leading to a full-blown relapse.
Full Relapse
A return to regular or sustained substance use, indicating a more significant setback in recovery.
Emotional Relapse
Characterized by emotional states that increase the risk of relapse, such as heightened stress, irritability, or neglecting self-care.
Mental Relapse
An internal conflict between the desire to use and the desire to stay sober, often accompanied by cravings, thoughts of using, or fantasizing about substance use.
Physical Relapse
The actual act of using substances again after a period of abstinence.
Recognizing these types of relapse can help individuals and their support networks intervene early and prevent a full return to harmful behaviors.[5]
What to Do After a Relapse?
Relapse can be challenging, but it offers an opportunity for growth. Here’s what to do if relapse happens:
Reflect and Understand
Identify triggers, stressors, or circumstances that led to the relapse. Understanding the cause can guide future prevention efforts.
Reach Out for Support
Talk to trusted friends, family, or recovery peers. Sharing your experience provides a sense of accountability and support.
Return to Treatment
Consider re-engaging in therapy, support groups, or treatment programs. Professional guidance can help you get back on track.
Practice Self-Compassion
Be kind to yourself. Relapse is a common part of recovery; it’s not a failure. Focus on learning from it and recommitting to your goals.
Develop or Revise Your Relapse Prevention Plan
Work with your therapist to create a plan that addresses triggers, coping strategies, and ways to seek help when needed.
Prioritize Self-Care
Engage in activities that promote mental, physical, and emotional well-being. Regular exercise, meditation, hobbies, and social connections can aid in recovery.
