Mangrove Ecotourism Management in Batam City: Aspects of Sustainable Financing Models
Jhoni Irawan1,* , Yuanita FD Sidabutar 2
- Master of Regional Planning Student, Batam University, Batam
- Lecturer of Regional Planning Student, Batam University, Batam
Abstract.
This study aims to determine the role of Mangrove planting in maritime affairs in Batam City. The study uses Qualitative Descriptive which explains the condition of Batam City in relation to maritime affairs, like a potential and geographical conditions of Batam City. The results of the study refer to how Mangrove development in improving maritime quality is seen from the aspects of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, which are explained in the SWOT analysis, and then processed with the TOWS Matrix in order to determine the implications and ways for maritime development to be carried out properly. The results of the study revealed that both the four aspects in the TOWS matrix provide information on how Mangrove can improve the quality of maritime affairs in Batam, have an impact on the population, minimize pollution, improve the economy and social relations of the community, and how the government and the private sector can work together in developing maritime affairs in Batam. In this study, it discusses sustainable funding in efforts to improve maritime quality, where community programs and activities can be monitored and provided with a forum so that the development of Mangrove planting in Batam City can be implemented.
Introduction
Batam as one of the cities with the largest industrial area in Indonesia is an archipelago in the Riau Islands which is surrounded by sea and separate islands. Batam City has a very rapid rate of development since it was made the Batam Authority area [1]. The shape of the Batam region which consists of an archipelago has great potential for building a maritime industry. The maritime potential space has a formal area, namely a geographical area that has both ecological and biological ecosystems including animals and plants [2]. Therefore, the marine and fisheries sector is a reliable sector in Batam City so that it can improve the economy of the people of Batam City, especially those who work as fishermen [3]. The livelihoods of the people of Batam City, apart from industry, are also fishermen. It is said to be an industrial city considering the large number of private companies in Batam City, and in this case makes Batam a fabrication/manufacturing area for various types of existing products. On the other hand, Batam City is also an archipelago surrounded by sea and small islands, and of course this can be utilized by its people as fishermen. In 2020, Batam Island had a population of 1,196,396 people with the largest population distribution in the Sagulung area (17.50%) and Batam City (16.60%), while the lowest was in the hinterland, namely Bulang (0.89%) and Galang (1.42%) [4]. Batam’s geographical position as an archipelago / hinterland certainly has the potential for many marine resources in Batam City itself. In relation to Batam City as an industrial city, of course the existence of industrial
factories has waste that can pollute the sea and air which can also affect the quality of the sea in Batam City. Of course, this must be mitigated and the impact of this waste on the waters in Batam City must be minimized. Marine quality certainly affects the increase in fishermen in Batam City. In addition to the sea as a place of transportation, marine resources also have many benefits that can be used well by its people. Batam Island is one of the islands in the Riau Islands archipelago which is rich in natural resources, according to the Decree (SK) of the Mayor of Batam No. 114, the area of the waters of Batam Island reaches 66,867 Ha, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, and sandbars reaching 47,500 Ha. One of the natural resources owned by Batam Island is mangroves. Mangroves are a variety of tropical plants dominated by several animal species. This area has an important ecological function in human life, both ecologically, socially, and economically [5]. In this case, it is important to improve the quality of maritime affairs in Batam City, the improvement in quality can be in the form of improving the marine ecosystem in Batam City, and in this case making Mangrove planting one of the programs that must be increasingly encouraged by the government and the private sector.
Mangrove planting itself is useful in improving marine quality, especially in maintaining marine resources and climate threats which can be an effective way to maintain marine quality. Therefore, it is important to conduct research, namely Mangrove Ecotourism Management in Batam City: Aspects of Sustainable Financing Models.
Literature
2.1 The effect of factory waste on marine quality
According to [6], industrial activities in coastal areas cause marine pollution in this case in the form of factory waste, both direct effects with the release of gas into the sea and indirect effects such as air pollution which results in a decrease in marine quality. Plastic waste is one of the main factors causing damage to mangrove vegetation, namely disruption of air aeration in the mangrove root system. In addition to non-organic waste, there is fuel waste that arises from the disposal of fuel by coastal residents. This happens because on the coast there are residents who have small ships that use fuel as their energy and engine oil. The interaction between the community and the private sector in terms of industrial waste certainly affects the quality of maritime affairs, which can be a threat and weakness of the development of Mangroves in Batam City.
2.2 Geographical conditions affect maritime conditions in Batam City
The Batam area as an archipelago certainly pays attention to marine aspects that can be utilized by its people. The potential of the layout of the Batam area as a hinterland area requires its people to be able to better protect the marine potential in Batam City.
2.3 Mangrove planting affects maritime quality
In addition to decomposing organic waste, mangrove forests can also help accelerate the decomposition process of chemicals that pollute the sea such as oil and detergents, and are a natural barrier against strong sea winds in certain seasons. The existence of mangrove planting activities is very important for improving maritime quality, especially in Batam City. Mangrove forests or commonly known as mangrove forests are a unique ecosystem due to the activity of the inundation cycle by the ebb and flow of sea water. The mangrove ecosystem on the coast has a variety of habitat riches that interact with each other and can be utilized by the community to realize prosperity,
steps. The interests and short-term goals regarding mangroves must certainly be improved, especially for areas that are part of the maritime area in Batam City. attracting the interest of tourists who come without coercion to do tourism in it which contains educational and conservation
3 Thinking Framework
Development strategy requires meeting the needs of the current generation and future generations. The strategy for developing and managing mangrove forests requires holistic and integrated handling between dimensions. The concept of development strategy through SWOT analysis (strengths. Weaknesses, opportunities, threats) which identifies strategies for developing mangrove forests.
3.1 Collection of data and literature information
Data is collected through electronic media and direct reviews of several Mangrove points in Batam City, the data will of course be processed by conducting a SWOT analysis in the form of a TOWS Matrix. In this analysis, it describes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that focus on maritime. The parties involved in the exploitation of mangrove resources according to Soedarmo (2018), are as follows:
a. Stock Holders, especially silent community organizations that base their existence on the natural resources found along the coast
b. Share Holders who are also shareholders in coastal fisheries cultivation and operations. c.Stake Holders, or the general public who are interested in the management of natural resources and business results in coastal areas, including the government, entrepreneurs, and other communities outside the coastal area.
d. The stakeholders above are subjects in improving the quality of mangroves in Batam City. In this case, there is funding from both Share Holders and contributions from communities who are aware of the importance of planting Mangroves, although it is still an aspect of funding for Mangrove planting activities in Batam City.
3.2 Data analysis and processing
Data is processed using SWOT analysis obtained through the researcher’s review of literature and information. In relation to descriptive qualitative, it is how the data is obtained so that it can be processed properly and optimally.
SWOT analysis was obtained from secondary data regarding conditions in Batam City, in this case the researcher managed the data using the TOWS Matrix and then obtained an effective way to increase the strengths, opportunities, and minimize threats and weaknesses of Batam City as a Maritime City in relation to Mangrove ecotourism.
As for community fishermen as the main stakeholders, it can be seen from the aspect of community influence on the development of a region, this can be interpreted that the community (in this case the private sector and fishermen) is one of the important pillars in the development of Mangrove ecotourism in Batam City, besides the private sector such as social groups with all their activities and initiatives, fishermen as the local community can certainly help in planting Mangroves in Batam City.
According to [7] SWOT analysis is the systematic identification of various factors to formulate a strategy. SWOT analysis is a historically well-known technique by which
leaders create a quick overview of an organization’s strategic situation. This analysis is based on the assumption that effective strategies are derived from a good “fit” between an organization’s resources (strengths and weaknesses) and its external situation (opportunities and threats). A good fit will maximize an organization’s strengths and opportunities and minimize weaknesses and threats if applied accurately. According to [8] Strengths are resources, skills, or other advantages related to competitors and market needs. Weaknesses that exist within an organization such as limitations in terms of resources, skills and abilities that are serious obstacles to the organization’s satisfactory performance. Opportunities are any environmental conditions that are detrimental to a business. While threats are environmental factors that do not provide benefits [9].
Discussion
4.1 Qualitative Descriptive
Qualitative Descriptive explains how important it is to plant Mangroves in Batam City, this can be supported by the presence of local people who work as fishermen who have direct access to marine cultivation. Qualitative Descriptive collects existing data through exploration, literature studies, dialogue, and observation so that a detailed explanation can be obtained regarding the topic being discussed. In this case, mangroves themselves can be a form of sanitation that can improve maritime quality. Good sanitation management will certainly improve marine health [10]. This can be further utilized by the community and the government.
The use of mangrove forests to become ecotourism is in line with the shift in tourist interest from old tourism to new tourism, which manages and seeks specific, natural, and biodiverse ecotourism destinations. In terms of its relation to qualitative descriptive, image documentation is carried out to describe the conditions that occur in the field [11]. This focuses on the aspect of Mangrove ecotourism in Batam City.
Mangrove ecotourism is an area that is specifically designated to be maintained for tourism purposes and coastal areas that have their own uniqueness and characteristics because the existence of this ecosystem is located at the river mouth. Mangroves only grow and spread in tropical and subtropical areas with the characteristics of organisms, both plants that live and associate there.
Ecotourism is part of community infrastructure. The fulfillment of community needs will be increasingly fulfilled if infrastructure is easier to obtain [12]. In relation to infrastructure and tourism, infrastructure in this case attractions and facilities cannot be easily achieved if there is no basic infrastructure. The development of infrastructure in an area is actually enjoyed by both tourists and the community who also live there, so that there are benefits for residents who are not tourists. Fulfillment or creation of infrastructure is one way to create a suitable atmosphere for tourism development [13]. The potential that exists is an environmental development concept based on the approach of nature maintenance and conservation, in this case mangroves are very potential for ecotourism development because of the very unique condition of the mangroves and the regional model that can be developed. In relation to public awareness, through an integrated approach, a city can continue to advance in facing future challenges while maintaining and appreciating cultural values and maritime aspects as an important part of the city’s identity and sustainability [9].
4.2 SWOT Analysis
4.2.1 Strength
The location of Batam City as an archipelago whose surrounding area is filled with small islands and a vast expanse of sea is one aspect of Batam City’s strength as a maritime city, and this of course must be supported by planting mangroves on the coast.
4.2.2 Weakness
Batam as an industrial city where many people are corporate workers. Batam is one of the cities with the most industrial companies in Indonesia. This can be proven by the fact that the number of company populations reaches 1,309, which are dominated by the metal and machinery industries. There are 25 industrial areas in Batam City with a total area of 2,002 hectares [14].
However, this is a weakness both in terms of empowering human resources who are interested in planting mangroves, as well as the presence of factory waste that can cause the condition of the sea in Batam City to decline. In addition, factory waste can damage the environment if not managed properly. In fact, large amounts of waste can reduce the comfort and aesthetic value of the environment, [11] as well as industrial activities in the form of oil, grease, and other wastes can certainly damage the comfort of the community.
4.2.3 Opportunity
The existence of several mangrove planting communities certainly has the opportunity to improve the quality of mangrove cultivation in Batam City, and this must also be supported by social programs, both private and government, regarding the mangrove aspect in Batam City.
4.2.4 Threat
Climate is an important part of the marine ecosystem and one of the factors that can cause a decline in marine quality. The presence of air pollution that occurs in factory smoke can cause a decline in marine quality. This is an important part of the threat aspect to the potential of marine maritime, and this must be suppressed by increasing the reforestation aspect, namely by planting mangroves. Threats refer to how air pollution can be suppressed by improving maritime quality, indirectly it can be linked to seawater pollution which can reduce marine quality, which requires mitigation so that the improvement in marine quality is maintained. It was stated that the application of a method based on substitution of land electricity supply to anchored ships has succeeded in reducing significant exhaust emissions so that it can maintain environmental sustainability. In this case, it is said that the SWOT analysis point regarding maritime threats can be suppressed by planting Mangroves in Batam City
4.2.5 TOWS Matrix
Based on the SWOT analysis above, which is based on the conditions and activities in Batam City, in this case a deep mapping study is needed which is described by the TOWS Matrix.
This matrix can produce four cells of possible strategic alternatives. The first cell contains a list of company strengths that have been successfully built by management and the second cell contains a list of weaknesses that need to be eliminated. Therefore, the first and second cells are respectively called cells S and cells W. The third cell contains a list of business opportunities that are owned now, in the future and the fourth cell contains a list of threats that are being faced now and in the future. Therefore, the third and fourth cells are respectively called cells O and T.
| TOWS Matrix | Strength (S) | Weakness (W) |
|---|---|---|
| Opportunity (O) | S + O: | W + O: |
| – The existence of a mangrove planting program can improve maritime affairs and also increase tourism and the economy | – Increasing the mangrove maritime industry | |
| – There is potential for investment withdrawal in maritime matters | – The environmental programs of industry in Batam City can be improved | |
| Threat (T) | S + T: | W + T: |
| – The private sector and the government can work together to improve marine quality which has an impact on the climate | – More attention must be paid to mangrove cultivation to create a pollution-free society | |
| – The climate can be reduced by sustainable mangrove planting, considering that Batam’s geography supports this program | – The lack of people interested in planting mangroves is due to increasing industrial turmoil |
In relation to the success of the SWOT analysis of Mangrove in Kampung Kelembak, which states that the Mangrove forest area of Kampung Kelembak has high potential to be developed as ecotourism and Edu tourism with a combined strategy of SO and WO. Judging from the points contained in the ecotourism development quadrant, the Mangrove forest of Kampung Kelembak is growing or in a strong position. Therefore, the right strategy for the development of this ecotourism and Edu tourism area is an aggressive strategy. An aggressive strategy is a position where strength can be used to take advantage of opportunities.
5 Conclusion
Based on the analysis above, it is important to pay attention to the maritime aspect of Batam City as an improvement in the quality of the sea in Batam City. As for Batam as an archipelago which is also an industrial city, it must pay attention to the maritime aspect in order to improve the quality and empowerment of the sea in Batam City. The research results refer to how to improve maritime solutions in Batam City, and these solutions are in the form of increasing ecotourism and the Mangrove ecosystem as one of the things that can certainly improve the quality of the sea in Batam City. As for the TOWS Matrix described in the previous discussion, it makes the community the main actor in maritime development. The local community must be the main actor in the development of an area. In addition, government intervention is also very important, such as in terms of regulation and investment, these regulations and regulations must be made transparently and accountably [15]. The existence of threats or obstacles that can reduce water quality must of course be considered and made a further discussion in terms of mitigating so that maritime quality can be maintained. The steps that can be taken in an effort to improve Mangrove, as stated in the TOWS Matrix, are: a.Private sector and Government can work together in terms of increasing Mangrove planting b.The community as the main stakeholder can pay more attention to efforts to plant and maintain maritime quality c.The existence of sustainable funding can be said to be an increase in motivation for both the private sector and the community as well as tourism and the Economy in Batam City.
References
- H. Wibowo, E. S. Bahri, and P. P. Harto, “SOSIO Didakt. Soc. Sci. Educ. J.,” vol. 3, p. 92, 2016.
- Y. F. Sidabutar and E. Indra, in E3S Web Conf. (EDP Sciences, 2021), pp. 1–4.
- R. Riyanda and F. Al Haadi, “Dialekt. PUBLIK,” vol. 3, p. 1, 2018.
- M. Dahari, S. A. Sutianto, and Y. F. Sidabutar, “Budapest Int. Res. Critics Institute Journal,” vol. 5, p. 23392, 2022.
- S. F. P. Gobel and I. Wunarlan, “Jambura J. Urban Reg. Plan.,” vol. 1, p. 41, 2023.
- A. R. Histiarini and K. Yakin, “Metod. J. Tek. Ind.,” vol. 7, p. 18, 2021.
- Mashuri and D. Nurjannah, “J. Perbank. Syariah,” vol. 1, p. 97, 2020.
- I. G. N. A. B. Putra, “J. Pendidik. Ekon. Undiksha,” vol. 9, p. 397, 2017.
- G. Morwanto, Y. F. Sidabutar, H. Suciati, and Panusunan, “J. Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidik.,” vol. 8, p. 1298, 2023.
- V. Martan, D. Yandi, Y. F. Sidabutar, and Fauzan, “Implementation Of Clean Water And Sanitation Network Construction To Improve The Quality Of Life Sea Tribe Communities,” BIO Web of Conferences, vol. 134, p. 02004, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413402004
- S. Istiqa, Y. F. Sidabutar, and S. D. Sitopu, “J. La Soc.,” vol. 5, p. 1255, 2024.
- F. A. Marzuki, R. Hidayat, and Y. F. Sidabutar, “J. Potensi Progr. Stud. Magister Perenc. Wil. Univ. Batam,” vol. 3, p. 50, 2023.
- G. Morwanto, Depri, Y. F. Sidabutar, and I. P. Sinaga, “J. Potensi,” vol. 3, 2023.
- Irsutami and Zulhendri, “J. Potensi,” 2023.
- R. A. Sedayu, Y. F. Sidabutar, I. M. Sinaga, and D. Hantono, “J. Potensi Progr. Stud. Magister Perenc. Wil. Univ. Batam,” vol. 4, p. 30, 2024.
The new UAE insurance law: the who, what, when, why and how?
Innovative housing models to support