1.5 Reading texts literally and figuratively

Reading Texts Literally and Figuratively: A Deep Dive Into Literary Interpretation

Introduction

Reading is an essential skill, but did you know that there are different ways to interpret the same text? Welcome to this detailed guide on reading texts literally and figuratively. Many people read books, news articles, and fiction stories without realizing that different perspectives can lead to vastly different understandings of the same material.

If you’ve ever read a book and thought, “I wonder what the author really meant,” then you’ve already started thinking beyond a literal interpretation. Reading texts literally and figuratively are two distinct approaches, each serving a different purpose. In this blog post, we will explore these approaches in-depth, provide examples, and explain why one might be preferable over the other in certain contexts.

Additionally, we will analyze Albert Camus’ novel The Stranger as a case study to demonstrate how both literal and figurative interpretations shape our understanding of literature. By the end of this post, you’ll have a clearer grasp of reading texts literally and figuratively, and how to apply these approaches effectively in your reading and literary analysis.

What is Reading Literally?

Reading literally means understanding a text at face value, without looking for deeper meanings or interpretations. It involves grasping the most straightforward and explicit meaning of words, sentences, and narratives. This approach is useful when reading straightforward materials such as:

• News articles

• Instruction manuals

• Scientific reports

• Legal documents

• Children’s books

Example of Literal Reading in The Stranger

Let’s examine The Stranger by Albert Camus. If you were to read literally, you would follow the story in its most basic form:

• Meursault’s mother dies.

• He goes to the funeral but does not cry.

• He enters a relationship with Marie.

• He ends up committing a murder.

• He is put on trial and sentenced to death.

From a literal perspective, this is simply a story of a man who faces legal consequences for his actions. His indifference to his mother’s death is merely a character trait, and the court’s decision is based on facts presented during the trial.

When to Read Literally

There are instances where a literal reading is the best approach:

• When comprehending factual information

• When following instructions or directions

• When analyzing legal or scientific documents

• When learning a new language and trying to understand basic sentence structures

Reading literally ensures that you do not overanalyze straightforward information, which is particularly important in professional, academic, and technical settings.

What is Reading Figuratively?

Reading figuratively goes beyond the surface level and involves interpreting symbols, metaphors, themes, and underlying meanings. Many works of fiction, poetry, and philosophy require this approach to uncover deeper messages embedded within the text.

Elements of Figurative Reading

When reading figuratively, you must pay attention to:

• Symbolism – Objects or events representing a larger idea

• Metaphors – Comparisons that provide deeper insight

• Imagery – Descriptive language that conveys emotions and themes

• Allusions – References to historical, cultural, or literary concepts

• Irony – Situations where meanings contradict expectations

Example of Figurative Reading in The Stranger

When analyzing The Stranger figuratively, the novel takes on a deeper meaning:

• Meursault’s indifference to his mother’s death symbolizes existential detachment.

• The sun and heat in the novel represent discomfort, unease, and even moral blindness.

• The courtroom scene is an allegory for the absurdity of human justice.

• His execution can be interpreted as humanity’s struggle against fate and meaninglessness.

By reading figuratively, we recognize that Camus is not just telling a story—he is exploring existentialism and absurdism. Without a figurative reading, we might miss the novel’s deeper philosophical themes.

When to Read Figuratively

• When reading fiction, poetry, or drama

• When analyzing a text for literary devices

• When exploring themes and symbolism in literature

• When engaging in philosophical or theoretical discussions

Reading figuratively allows us to connect with literature on a profound level, uncovering hidden meanings and enriching our interpretation of texts.

Why It’s Important to Use Both Approaches

While some texts require a literal reading, many works—especially in literature, philosophy, and poetry—benefit from a figurative approach. The best readers balance both methods to fully appreciate a text.

Example: Combining Literal and Figurative Readings

In The Stranger:

• Literally: Meursault’s trial is about whether he is guilty of murder.

• Figuratively: The trial is symbolic of society judging individuals who do not conform.

By using both literal and figurative readings, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the novel. We see both the storyline and the philosophical commentary Camus presents.

How to Improve Your Reading Skills

To master reading texts literally and figuratively, consider the following strategies:

1. Ask Questions

• What is the literal meaning of this text?

• Could there be a deeper meaning hidden within the words?

• What themes or symbols stand out?

2. Identify Literary Devices

Look for metaphors, similes, irony, symbolism, and imagery. This will help you recognize when to switch from a literal to a figurative interpretation.

3. Consider Context

Understand the historical, cultural, and personal background of the author. This can give clues to the deeper meanings behind the text.

4. Read More Fiction

Literary fiction often contains layers of meaning that require figurative analysis. Try reading classic novels with rich symbolic language.

5. Practice Writing Analyses

After reading a passage, write down both the literal and figurative interpretations. This will reinforce your ability to distinguish between the two approaches.

Conclusion

Mastering reading texts literally and figuratively is essential for becoming a skilled reader. While a literal approach is necessary for factual comprehension, a figurative interpretation enriches our understanding of literature and its deeper meanings.

By balancing both reading methods, we can unlock the full potential of texts, appreciate literary artistry, and engage in more meaningful discussions about literature. So next time you pick up a book, try looking beyond the words on the page—you might discover something truly profound!

Summary

• Reading literally means understanding a text at face value.

• Reading figuratively involves interpreting deeper meanings through literary devices.

• Both approaches are necessary for a complete understanding of literature.

• The Stranger by Albert Camus serves as an excellent example of how texts can be read both literally and figuratively.

If you found this guide helpful, share it with others who are interested in improving their reading skills! Keep exploring literature and expanding your perspective by practicing both literal and figurative reading techniques.