Testes (Male Reproductive System quiz)

1. Q: What is the primary function of the testes?
   • A: The primary function of the testes is to produce sperm and secrete testosterone. 
2. Q: Where are the testes located?
   • A: The testes are located in the scrotum.
3. Q: What structures within the testes produce sperm?
   • A: Seminiferous tubules produce sperm.
4. Q: Which cells in the testes produce testosterone?
   • A: Leydig cells produce testosterone.
5. Q: What is spermatogenesis?
   • A: Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production.

Epididymis

6. Q: What is the function of the epididymis?
   • A: The epididymis stores and matures sperm.
7. Q: How does sperm change in the epididymis?
   • A: Sperm gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg.
8. Q: Where is the epididymis located?
   • A: The epididymis is attached to the back of each testis.

Vas Deferens

9. Q: What is the function of the vas deferens?
   • A: The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra.
10. Q: Where does the vas deferens extend from and to?
    • A: It extends from the epididymis to the pelvic cavity.

Ejaculatory Ducts

11. Q: How are the ejaculatory ducts formed?
    • A: They are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.
12. Q: What is the function of the ejaculatory ducts?
    • A: They mix sperm with fluids from the seminal vesicles and transport the mixture to the urethra.

Urethra

13. Q: What dual functions does the urethra serve in males?
    • A: It conveys both urine and semen out of the body.
14. Q: Where does the urethra run through?
    • A: It runs from the bladder through the penis.

Accessory Glands

15. Q: What are the three main accessory glands in the male reproductive system?
    • A: Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.
16. Q: What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
    • A: They produce a viscous fluid rich in fructose that provides energy for sperm.
17. Q: What is the role of the prostate gland?
    • A: It secretes a slightly alkaline fluid that helps neutralize the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract.
18. Q: What do the bulbourethral glands produce?
    • A: They produce a clear, slippery fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidity from residual urine.

Penis

19. Q: What is the primary function of the penis?
    • A: It delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.
20. Q: What causes an erection?
    • A: Erectile tissues fill with blood during sexual arousal.

Hormonal Regulation

21. Q: What hormone does the hypothalamus release to regulate the male reproductive system?
    • A: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
22. Q: What hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland in response to GnRH?
    • A: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
23. Q: What is the function of LH in males?
    • A: It stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
24. Q: What is the role of FSH in males?
    • A: It works with testosterone to stimulate the production of sperm.

Spermatogenesis

25. Q: Where does spermatogenesis occur?
    • A: In the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
26. Q: What are spermatogonia?
    • A: Diploid stem cells that undergo mitosis to produce primary spermatocytes.
27. Q: What do primary spermatocytes undergo to form secondary spermatocytes?
    • A: The first meiotic division.
28. Q: What do secondary spermatocytes undergo to produce spermatids?
    • A: The second meiotic division.
29. Q: What process do spermatids undergo to become mature sperm?
    • A: Spermiogenesis.

Sperm Structure

30. Q: What is contained in the head of the sperm?
    • A: The nucleus with densely packed chromosomes and an acrosome.
31. Q: What is the function of the acrosome?
    • A: It contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg.
32. Q: What does the midpiece of the sperm contain?
    • A: Mitochondria that provide energy for the sperm to swim.
33. Q: What is the function of the sperm’s tail (flagellum)?
    • A: It provides motility, enabling the sperm to swim towards the egg.

Additional Questions 

Testes

34. Q: What type of cells are found within the seminiferous tubules?
    • A: Sertoli cells, which support and nourish developing sperm cells.
35. Q: What is the blood-testis barrier?
    • A: A physical barrier formed by Sertoli cells that protects developing sperm from the immune system.

Epididymis

36. Q: How long does it typically take for sperm to travel through the epididymis?
    • A: About 2 to 3 weeks.
37. Q: What role does the epididymis play in sperm maturation?
    • A: It provides an environment for sperm to gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg.

Vas Deferens

38. Q: What happens during a vasectomy?
    • A: The vas deferens is cut and sealed to prevent sperm from reaching the urethra.

Ejaculatory Ducts

39. Q: How long are the ejaculatory ducts?
    • A: They are about 2 cm in length.
40. Q: What fluid contributes to the ejaculate from the seminal vesicles?
    • A: A fluid rich in fructose, which provides energy for the sperm.

Urethra

41. Q: How is the flow of urine and semen controlled in the urethra?
    • A: By the internal and external urethral sphincters.

Accessory Glands

42. Q: What percentage of semen volume is contributed by the seminal vesicles?
    • A: About 60-70%.
43. Q: What enzyme in the prostate fluid helps liquefy semen?
    • A: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Penis

44. Q: What are the two main parts of the penis?
    • A: The shaft and the glans.
45. Q: What is the prepuce?
    • A: The foreskin, a fold of skin covering the glans.

Hormonal Regulation (Male Reproductive System quiz)

46. Q: What is the role of testosterone in male development?
    • A: It promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and maintains reproductive tissues.
47. Q: How does testosterone affect spermatogenesis?
    • A: It is essential for the maintenance of spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis

48. Q: How many sperm are produced from each primary spermatocyte?
    • A: Four haploid sperm cells.
49. Q: What is the duration of the spermatogenesis process?
    • A: Approximately 64 days.

Sperm Structure

50. Q: What is the function of the acrosomal reaction?
    • A: It releases enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg’s outer layers.

Additional Questions on Functions and Processes (Male Reproductive System)

51. Q: What is the primary function of Sertoli cells?
    • A: To support and nourish developing sperm cells.
52. Q: What is the main function of the scrotum?
    • A: To regulate the temperature of the testes for optimal spermatogenesis.
53. Q: What is the significance of the blood-testis barrier?
    • A: It prevents immune cells from attacking developing sperm cells.
54. Q: What role do Leydig cells play in the male reproductive system?
    • A: They produce and secrete testosterone.
55. Q: How do sperm gain motility?
    • A: They gain motility during their passage through the epididymis.

Diseases and Disorders (Male Reproductive System)

56. Q: What is cryptorchidism?
    • A: A condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
57. Q: What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
    • A: A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.
58. Q: What is the most common cancer in young men aged 15-35?
    • A: Testicular cancer.
59. Q: What is prostatitis?
    • A: Inflammation of the prostate gland.
60. Q: What is erectile dysfunction?
    • A: The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance.

Spermatogenesis Details

61. Q: What hormones regulate spermatogenesis?
    • A: FSH, LH, and testosterone.
62. Q: What is the role of the hypothalamus in spermatogenesis?
    • A: It releases GnRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH.
63. Q: How does FSH influence spermatogenesis?
    • A: It stimulates Sertoli cells to support sperm production.
64. Q: How does LH influence spermatogenesis?
    • A: It stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Hormonal Control

65. Q: What feedback mechanism regulates testosterone levels?
    • A: Negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
66. Q: What happens to GnRH, FSH, and LH levels when testosterone levels are high?
    • A: They decrease.

Seminal Fluid

67. Q: What components are found in seminal fluid?
    • A: Fructose, proteins, enzymes, and alkaline substances.
68. Q: What is the function of fructose in seminal fluid?
    • A: To provide energy for sperm motility.
69. Q: How does the alkaline nature of seminal fluid benefit sperm?
    • A: It neutralizes the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract.

Accessory Glands

70. Q: What is the role of the bulbourethral glands during ejaculation?
    • A: To secrete a pre-ejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra.
71. Q: How does prostate fluid contribute to semen?
    • A: It contains enzymes and substances that enhance sperm motility and survival.

Erection and Ejaculation (Male Reproductive System)

72. Q: What causes an erection?
    • A: Increased blood flow to the erectile tissues of the penis.
73. Q: What triggers ejaculation?
    • A: Rhythmic contractions of the pelvic muscles and the reproductive ducts.
74. Q: What is the refractory period?
    • A: A period of time after ejaculation during which a man is unable to achieve another erection.

Hormonal Effects

75. Q: What are secondary sexual characteristics in males?
    • A: Features such as facial hair, deep voice, and increased muscle mass influenced by testosterone.
76. Q: How does testosterone affect the male brain?
    • A: It influences libido and aggression.

Fertility

77. Q: What is the average sperm count in a healthy male?
    • A: About 15 million to over 200 million sperm per milliliter of semen.
78. Q: What is azoospermia?
    • A: A condition characterized by the absence of sperm in semen.
79. Q: How can lifestyle affect male fertility?
    • A: Factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and stress can reduce sperm count and motility.

Anatomy

80. Q: What are the primary structures of the male external genitalia?
    • A: The penis and scrotum.
81. Q: What is the role of the glans penis?
    • A: It is the sensitive tip of the penis that plays a key role in sexual arousal.

Physiology

82. Q: How does the scrotum regulate testicular temperature?
    • A: Through contraction and relaxation of the cremaster muscle.
83. Q: What is the average temperature difference between the testes and the rest of the body?
    • A: The testes are typically about 2-3 degrees Celsius cooler than the body.

Pathophysiology

84. Q: What is testicular torsion?
    • A: A medical emergency where the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood supply to the testis.
85. Q: What is the most common symptom of testicular cancer?
    • A: A painless lump or swelling in the testis.

Genetic and Developmental Aspects (Male Reproductive System)

86. Q: What gene is crucial for the development of male characteristics?
    • A: The SRY gene on the Y chromosome.
87. Q: What role does dihydrotestosterone (DHT) play in male development?
    • A: It is essential for the development of male external genitalia.

Endocrine Interactions

88. Q: What is the role of inhibin in male reproduction?
    • A: It inhibits FSH production to regulate spermatogenesis.
89. Q: How does the male reproductive system respond to exogenous testosterone?
    • A: It can lead to reduced endogenous testosterone production and spermatogenesis.

Clinical Interventions

90. Q: What is the purpose of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in males?
    • A: To treat low testosterone levels.
91. Q: What is the function of the vasectomy reversal procedure?
    • A: To restore fertility by reconnecting the vas deferens.

Molecular Biology

92. Q: What is the function of protamines in sperm?
    • A: They replace histones to tightly pack DNA in the sperm head.
93. Q: What is capacitation?
    • A: A physiological change sperm undergo to gain the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg.

Immunology

94. Q: Why is the blood-testis barrier important?
    • A: It protects sperm from autoimmune attacks.

Biochemistry

95. Q: What enzymes are involved in the acrosome reaction?
    • A: Acrosin and hyaluronidase.

Behavioral Aspects

96. Q: How does testosterone influence male behavior?
    • A: It can increase aggression and libido.

Comparative Anatomy

97. Q: How do male reproductive systems differ among vertebrates?
    • A: Differences exist in structure, function, and reproductive strategies.

Evolutionary Biology

98. Q: What evolutionary advantage does external testis placement provide?
    • A: Cooler temperatures favor optimal spermatogenesis.

Experimental Techniques

99. Q: How is male fertility assessed in a laboratory setting?
    • A: Through semen analysis evaluating sperm count, motility, and morphology.
100. Q: What is the purpose of a testicular biopsy? – A: To diagnose conditions affecting spermatogenesis and testicular function.